
“77,” Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Japanese invaders since launching the “918 Incident” has been another key step of aggression against China.
Old Marco Polo Bridge is located in Fengtai Yongding River on the north, this road by Ping An Insurance. Northbound a few hundred meters there is a railway bridge, connecting the Ping-Han Railway. Wanping City Building in Yongding River, the Marco Polo Bridge head east. Beijing to guard the Ming Dynasty, is built on the Exploitation in the throat this stationed themselves Lu ditch the city, were on “arch pole.” After the fall of the Northern Government, Wanping County Department moved into the city, renamed Wanping City. 29 army was guarding the military site, 110 Brigade of 37 Division stationed at Camp 219, the third group, which is a reinforced battalion, there are more than 1400 officers and men in the battalion commander Kim. Head Jixing Wen Incident training in Nanjing did not return, the regiment was established in the west of the Changxindian, chaired by the Deputy Chief Su Guiqing. HE Brigadier-based Symphony, teachers Fengzhi An anti-Japanese patriotic generals are determined.
Japanese to win the city has made a long-term preparation Wanping. Japanese troops stationed in Fengtai been the Marco Polo Bridge in Fengtai district to exercise, is one of the most important preparation. To 5,6 months, the Japanese military exercises once every 35 days that is, day and night, heavily armed. The first written by the Japanese League, “the Marco Polo Bridge near the battle report,” confessed: “We must act to keep the tremendous pace, such as high winds Thunder.” “For the dusk, dawn and night to ensure streamlining of the training, each officer and man must Zuodao memorize the terrain near the garrison, and proficient at night operations; while Chinese troops head for the residential and barracks, gates, etc., are also set policy surprise plan, “” on the targets of investigation. ” From June onwards, the three squadrons in the Japanese army stationed in Fengtai Wanping north, flat north of the Han to the railway embankment along the Yongding River, around the clock to exercise siege tactics, often guns went off everywhere, trampling on farmland. Also requires measurements, occupy a large village well field in an attempt to build the airport, barracks, cut off the traffic Wanping and Peking.
July 6, the Japanese army stationed in Fengtai asked the city to go through Wanping Changxindian exercises by Chinese defenders refused. July 7 to the Marco Polo Bridge area they live ammunition exercises, tension is quite different from usual. He Ji Feng commander Brigadier Fengzhi An urgent telegram back from Baoding level, discussing the contingency measures.
10 o’clock that night, the Japanese exercise is completed, the entire team in the north of the city seems to go back to camp. At this point a few shots suddenly rang Oriental City, the Japanese immediately surrounded the attack on the Wanping town and momentum, the Japanese defenders put forward no reason to Wanping, the Japanese lost one soldier, heard gunshots the city, the suspect in the city to require search into the city. Battalion commander Kim rejected the unreasonable demands the Japanese side, and command the Department of tight security, immediately report the higher level. Japanese firing demonstrations, military confrontation. Night 12 pm, two Japanese Embassy Wu Guansong well call 29 Jun, vice president and Beijing Mayor QIN purely military, insist that the Japanese army into the city to search, QIN pure refusal. Later, Matsui telephone, said soldiers have lost rejoin, but to identify the reasons, the Japanese have to enter the city, such as not allowed, will be armed to protect city. At this time the Japanese have a lot of reinforcement outside Wanping, make general offensive preparations, war goes. To prevent this incident from expanding, QIN both pure and Matsui agreed to send representatives to investigate the night to go to Wanping city.
Fourth District, Hebei Province Hopei authorities to send the Chief Commissioner and Chief Magistrate Wang Wanping cold, fasting, and Hopei political commissar of the Foreign Relations Committee, Commissioner Lin Geng, will the word appeasement Hopei Nelson Chow, Deputy Director of the Office of traffic represented by the industry; the Japanese side to Sui Hopei Consultant Sakurai, his assistant, Officer Temple level, represented by the Secretary of Saito. 8, 4 pm Representatives from both sides to negotiate Wanping County Department lobby. Japan proposed to punish the murders, to apologize to the Japanese side, Chinese military retreat, the Japanese entered the city and other unreasonable demands, the king of cold fast tongue-lashing. Negotiations just beginning, shots rang out outside the east gate will be the Japanese siege. To ensure the safety representatives, Kim will be the venue for negotiations proposed change in the houses near the county department. When the deputies just left the hall, starting shells have hit the hall, suddenly the two sides to battle more than 7:50. Kim Sakurai and so bring in the walls, so that they stop the siege to the Japanese propaganda, but it is invalid, the negotiations can not proceed. He Ji Feng Feng Zhian commander ordered by: “Marco Polo Bridge that Haier of the grave, shall perish with the bridge, not back.” Battalion officers and men fear the expense of the heroic fight back, beat back the Japanese attack on many occasions. Outside the railway bridge, north of the city to seize the Japanese Dragon King Temple, on the Wanping City threat. See the Japanese defenders stubborn resistance, agreed to cease-fire talks, but Japan’s outrageous, talks broke down, 11 enemy siege again, Wanping conclusion of the negotiations.
8 afternoon, 29 military organization powerful counterattack: From Changxindian north south pincer Wanping Babaoshan outside the Japanese, hit the enemy. Night Organization sword team, the railway bridge and the Dragon King Temple surprise the enemy. Under cover of darkness, the Chinese athletes quietly Mojin enemy positions, saw Hanguang flash, the first separation of the Japanese body, terrified the enemy run for her life, 29, Army regained the railway bridge and the Dragon King Temple.
Japanese manufacturing wicker ditch the second event of the plan failed, they play real war trick fake negotiations. Side of the negotiations in Beijing and Hebei-Qahar, claimed that local peaceful settlement of disputes on the one hand and rapid mobilization of troops, the deployment of the full-scale war between Pingjin. 9 to 11, three times the two sides reached a cease-fire agreement, the Japanese side three breach of contract. 11, Matsui reached with QIN pure three armistice agreement, Hopei authorities made significant compromises, but the situation continues to deteriorate. Japanese troops used artillery, tanks repeated shocks, the railway bridge, Dragon King Temple lost a few too few. 219 large group of casualties, battalion commander Kim, the head of the Ji Xingwen all have injured, but still stick to their positions. At the same time Beijing is also urgent to mobilize the city, ready to attack the enemy’s attack.
Japanese barbaric act aroused the anger of the Chinese people. July 8th CPC Central Committee issued a “power for the Japanese attack Marco Polo Bridge,” an urgent appeal: “Pingjin critical! North necessity!” Called “the whole country should immediately give up any hope of the Japanese peace and seek security and estimates,” and to “armed defense Pingjin, armed to defend North China “,” close cooperation the two parties a new offensive against the Japanese. ” 15, the CPC Central Committee on behalf of Zhou Enlai invited to be on the Lushan National Government will participate in the summer talk to Chiang Kai-shek personally a “Declaration of the CPC Central Committee to announce KMT-CPC cooperation.” Day, the CPC Central Committee issued to the party throughout the country, “the anti-Japanese united front on the organization to expand the Department of National Salvation Movement to the instructions of the party around,” asked the party for the realization of the Declaration on July 8 and make unremitting efforts, party members should be united resistance of the model, expression of the Chinese Communist Party for the war in the end all the patriotic forces with the national commitment to a common destiny.
Marco Polo Bridge to the National People’s War greatly inspired. Beijing people into immediate action, the Chinese Communists underground party organizations to mobilize, organize support groups all against the enemy, the rapid formation of the boom support 29 military resistance, Changxindian, Wanping of the workers, peasants, Brave the enemy’s artillery fire, smoke, for the troops meal delivery, to send ammunition, aid to the wounded, repair fortifications, the peasants took off to the watermelon the new positions sent to the troops. Across the telegraph, gifts, condolence letters sent to Beijing have. Mesa Air condolence call from Shanghai, and Department of condolence section. From Guangzhou, Shanghai, Tianjin, Beijing and other places condolences to the delegation, with a rich and varied gifts to the field against the enemy soldiers condolences. The newspaper reporters gathered in the Marco Polo Bridge to intense patriotism for FireWire interview, Brave the enemy’s bullets whistling in the forefront of photography to record the brutality of Japanese troops and 29 military officers and soldiers of the heroic deeds. Through the press, the Japanese invasion of the truth and the spirit of the struggle against Chinese soldiers and quickly spread throughout the country and the world. He Ji Feng Brigadier enthusiastically received all over the representatives and elders of the ardent hope that the National Education officers and men. War affects each of the Marco Polo Bridge Chinese people’s heart.
National Government has made a positive response to the incident. 8 to 10, 29, Army commander Chiang Sung Che-yuan-speed power, so stick to Wanping City, all to be prepared for the situation to expand; speed to the command of Baoding, the deadline to complete defense line of fortifications. Also sent troops to reinforce Shijiazhuang, Baoding. 9, Foreign Ministry lodged a serious protest to the Japanese government also sent several times with the Japanese Embassy and demanded that the Japanese military action to stop illegal breach of trust, not to aggravate the situation.
Scheduled for the summer by the National Government held talks will be held as scheduled. National political parties and celebrities took part in 158 from 15 to 20, the first phase of talks will be. During the reception, so Zhang, Wang Yun-wu, WANG Ya-ming, Jiang Q Yue, Du Zhong-yuan, Zhu Jingnong, Wu Yi-Fang, Chiang Meng-lin, ZENG Qi, Chang and other 20 people to speak freely together, said the occasion of national crisis, an important national survival above all else the National Government should be subject to the same anti-Japanese; but asked the Government to effectively prepare war, announced the constitution, the implementation of constitutional government, to give the people freedom of expression, abolition of special criminal law, censorship and so rapidly changing. Such as the national salvation and the present climate of political consultations and encouraging.
17 Chiang Kai-shek in the conversation will be the second plenary meeting, the Marco Polo Bridge incident on the speech, stated the Chinese Government’s solemn position that will never allow Beijing to become the second Shenyang. If the dispute can not be a peaceful settlement, it “only sacrifice and resistance.” A war opened, “then to the north or south, in young and old, regardless of what people have a responsibility to defend the war.” “If you give up the size of land and sovereignty, is the Chinese people of the sinner.” Chiang Kai-shek’s speech was welcomed by people across the country.
Japanese to the peace talks cover the surge, the Marco Polo Bridge area has been at war. Song Zheyuan other parts of the top 29 military generals on the peaceful settlement of the incident remain illusions. 11 Sung Che-yuan to Tianjin, and the new commander of the Japanese North China Garrison Army Division, Hong Qing month and made a number of talks and negotiations to reach a compromise agreement. 19 Song Zheyuan back to Peking, from this mistake can be silent and ordered the demolition of the city fortifications, open the gates, according to agreement called for 37 divisions he stressed. Beijing soldiers not understand this, talking about the incident.
Japanese Cabinet on July 11 emergency meeting, adopted the Army occupation of North China, Pingjin region and reform the economy, the overall financial plan. Afternoon rush audience with the Emperor Konoe, for approval. Guards just had the approval documents back, they could not wait to various Japanese newspapers published numbers, the alarming headline: “Japan’s decision to send troops to North China!” “Having set out the four divisions will be immediately.” Fanatical Japanese army provoked the war, the Navy also at daggers drawn, warlords, zaibatsu close together, fully devoted to war against China. 16, entry 10, the Japanese division has reached 5 million people in more than 100 aircraft. 17, the Army General Staff to develop a “military forces on the North China during the war Guidelines,” provides beginning of the war “to punish and destroy the 29 Army,” for the purpose of fully occupied North China. Again with the Central Army operations, “obtained through full-scale war with China to solve the problem completely.” Asked the Japanese quick, “Chiang regime to prevent the escape west, forcing its surrender.” Method of expanding the war by the Japanese “Tianjin Garrison submitted an ultimatum at the local, began operations.”
At 23 o’clock on the on the 19th, 29, Army Chief of Staff on behalf of the Japanese North China Garrison Army cease-fire agreement was signed six “fetch.” 20, the Japanese breach of the agreement, shelling Wanping City, the Marco Polo Bridge, invade dahongmen, Peiping unrest. 132 South Garden and teachers rushed to the city by anti-Beijing, people subsiding. 25, the Japanese surprise attack Langfang, aircraft bombing, the defenders were forced to retreat 38 division. 26 months Kiyoshi Hong Sung Che-yuan an ultimatum to require stationed around the Marco Polo Bridge and Peking on the 28th of 29 military must complete the withdrawal, otherwise the Japanese will be free to move. In fact the Japanese had cut off Pingjin traffic, attacks from Langfang Tuanhe, Huang Village, Datong County, South Garden, has provoked a Grandmaster event. The sky plane, ground tanks, cover the rampaging Japanese soldiers rush ahead. Japanese on schedule to launch a comprehensive war.
Song Zheyuan received the ultimatum to immediately convene an emergency meeting and decided to resist. 28 Fengtai counterattack, organizing defense of South Garden, the Japanese counter offensive on the Grandmaster, pain J wulidian Japanese were victorious. Puppet Datong Zhang Yan Tian, Zhang Qingyu give meaning anyway, the Department of the eradication of the Japanese and puppet forces in Datong County. But the war has been well prepared for the Japanese, relying on superior equipment, like a camel pounce beast Fengtai, South Garden. Fengtai fall, Nanyuan critical condition. 29 Jun Army moved into the city, Tong Linge, Zhao Dengyu Nanyuan Generals Battle Command. Summer military training mission more than 1,000 male and female students, with 29 troops fought side by side. After strong resistance, with significant destruction to the enemy. However, the Japanese artillery, aircraft, under the bombardment of great casualties, and war and had to retreat. Tong, Zhao, two generals who are charged with serious injuries, is still directing operations, has he died, became the first since the Sino-Japanese war at the expense of two senior generals of the Kuomintang by the Chinese people the respect and cherish the memory of generations.
29 Sung Che-yuan Chiang Kai-shek’s command command post according to the Department of evacuation of Baoding, leaving with a few people Zhangzizhong Hopei regime in Beijing to maintain. 29 Army troops stationed in Tianjin southward retreat after the Japanese hit. 27, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman issued a statement: “we have done since the late two largest peace efforts, thereafter the responsibility of all events, from the Japanese side should be held solely by the.”
Japanese iron heel support immediately after entering the city of Beijing puppet, the Zhang Zhizhong, etc. aside. At this time Zhang has really recognized the ferocious Japanese aggressors, the rapid design of escape, went to war battlefield kills.
Pingjin fall, but the Chinese people in the KMT-CPC cooperation from the whole nation under the flag of anti-Japanese united front, had eight years of bloody fighting, and finally achieved a complete victory against wars of aggression.
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